SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Riviere-Cinnamond, Ana.

Privatisation of animal healthcare systems in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, has had very limited success. Introduced with inadequate transition time and too few resources, many livestock owners either cannot afford or, just as likely, are unable to gain access to the services they need. Poor livestock owners in remote rural areas suffer the greatest disadvantage. This fact is undisputed but, since privatisation, the primary focus has been on analysing the performance of animal healthcare systems and few authors have studied the underlying economic theories that have driven privatisation policy nor examined in what ways these may have been detrimental. This working paper examines how the economic analysis of animal health...

Australian Consumers' Concerns and Preferences for Food Policy Alternatives

Palavras-chave: Animal health services; Privatisation process; Market failure; Taxonomy of goods; Poor livestock keepers; Developing countries; Community animal health workers; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23786

Umberger, Wendy J.; Scott, Emily M.; Stringer, Randy.

Results from a 2007 Australian consumer survey conducted at a large farmers market are used to explore the hypothesis that consumers who are more concerned about certain types of food labeling information, particularly information related to food production attributes, are more likely to support policies which help develop farmers markets and support mandatory labeling policies. Product information and attributes such as Country-of-Origin, No Growth Hormones Used, Free Range and Animals Treated Humanely and Environmentally-friendly appear to be very important to consumers. It appears that respondents want increased government involvement in developing consistent food labelling standards for these attributes and support mandatory food labelling policies,...

Chapter 01: VALUING FOOD SAFETY AND NUTRITION: THE RESEARCH NEEDS

Palavras-chave: Market failure; Consumers; Farmers markets; Labelling; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6174

van Ravenswaay, Eileen O..

This book was originally published by Westview Press, Boulder CO, 1995.

Tipo: Book Chapter

Palavras-chave: Food safety; Nutrition; Valuation; Health production; Health maintenance; Market failure; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25976

Consumer Preferences for Animal Welfare Attributes: Case of Gestation Crates

Tonsor, Glynn T.; Olynk, Nicole J.; Wolf, Christopher A..

Paper replaced with revised version 06/13/08

Economics of Controlling Vertebrate Wildlife: the Pest-Asset Dichotomy and Environmental Conflict

Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Economics of legislation; Gestation crates; Market failure; Pork; Voluntary labeling; Willingness to pay; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6062

Farm Animal Welfare - Testing for Market Failure

Tisdell, Clement A..

Some wildlife species are agricultural pests (or otherwise a problem) but their populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists or by those not adversely affected by them directly. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an (agricultural) pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers (or other individuals) in the control of the species, and individuals ignore these spillovers in controlling pest species. Simple analysis is used to show that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers (or others) may excessively...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Pest control; Pure public goods; West Bengal; Wildlife; Zoonoses.; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122727

Carlsson, Fredrik; Grykblom, Peter; Lagerkvist, Carl Johan.

Many consumers are concerned with animal welfare in the conventional production of farm livestock. This concern can be related both to their own and others’ consumption. In the latter case, there is a negative externality from consumption. We suggest a survey design that enables us to test for a market failure in farm livestock production. Applying this to the question of battery cages in egg production, we cannot show that a market failure exists. The policy can be extended to general discussion of how potential market failures for all kind of farm livestock should be managed.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Choice experiments; Market failure; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D12; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6687

Food Safety Incidents, Collateral Damage and Trade Policy Responses: China-Canada Agri-Food Trade

Liu, Huanan; Hobbs, Jill E.; Kerr, William A..

As markets become globalized, food safety policy and international trade policy are increasingly intertwined. Globalization also means that food safety incidents are widely reported internationally. One result is that food safety incidents can negatively impact products where no food safety issue exists as consumers lose trust in both foreign and domestic food safety institutions. While the policy framework for dealing with directly effected imported foods is well understood, how to deal with the market failure associated with indirectly affected products within the existing trade policy rules has not been explored. Using the example of China’s 2007 problems with a spate of products safety incidents, a theoretical framework is developed and the response of...

GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP INNOVATIONS AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: TRADE AND WELFARE EFFECTS IN THE SOYBEAN COMPLEX

Palavras-chave: Canada; China; Cooperation; Food safety; Market failure; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43463

Sobolevsky, Andrei; Moschini, GianCarlo; Lapan, Harvey E..

We develop a new partial equilibrium, four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal. In the model, some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones; the RR seed is patented and sold worldwide by a U.S. firm; and producers employ a costly segregation technology to separate conventional and biotech products in the supply chain. The calibrated model is solved for equilibrium prices, quantities, production patterns, trade flows, and welfare changes under different assumptions regarding regional government's production and trade policies, differentiated consumer tastes, and several other demand and supply parameters. Incomplete...

How Do Economists Really Think About the Environment?

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Differentiated demand; Food labeling; Genetically modified products; Identity preservation; Innovations; Intellectual property rights; International trade; Loan deficiency payments; Market failure; Monopoly; Roundup Ready soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18348

Fullerton, Don; Stavins, Robert N..

On a topic like the environment, communication among scholars from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences is both important and difficult, but such communication has been far from perfect. Economists themselves may have contributed to some rather fundamental misunderstandings about how economists think about the environment, perhaps through our enthusiasm for market solutions, perhaps by neglecting to make explicit all of the necessary qualifications, and perhaps simply by the use of jargon that has specific meaning only to other economists. In this brief essay, we seek to clarify some of these misunderstandings and thus to improve future interdisciplinary communication. We hope that natural scientists and other non-economists will take...

Labeling Regulations and Segregation of First- and Second-Generation Genetically Modified Products: Innovation Incentives and Welfare Effects

Palavras-chave: Market failure; Economic analysis; Efficiency; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H4; L51.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10910

Moschini, GianCarlo; Lapan, Harvey E..

We review some of the most significant issues and results on the economic effects of genetically modified (GM) product innovation, with emphasis on the question of GM labeling and the need for costly segregation and identity preservation activities. The analysis is organized around an explicit model that can accommodate the features of both first-generation and second-generation GM products. The model accounts for the proprietary nature of GM innovations and for the critical role of consumer preferences vis-a-vis GM products, as well as for the impacts of segregation and identity preservation and the effects of a mandatory GM labeling regulation. We also investigate briefly a novel question in this setting, the choice of 'research direction' when both...

Notes on the Economics of Control of Wildlife Pests

Palavras-chave: Identity preservation; Labeling; Market failure; Product differentiation; Welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18535

Tisdell, Clement A..

Some wildlife species are agricultural pests but these populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an agricultural pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers in the control of the species, and this reduces the incentives of farmers as individuals to control the pest species. It is shown that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers may excessively reduce or insufficiently decrease the population of a species from a social economic point of view.

Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Mobility of pests; Pest control; Pure public goods.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90467

Moschini, GianCarlo.

This article reviews intellectual property rights (IPRs), with some emphasis on the protection of agricultural and life sciences innovations. The main institutional features of IPRs are first discussed, along with a brief historical background and an articulation of the main rationale for the existence of such rights. This is followed by an overview of the principal economic issues related to IPRs. The main benefit/cost trade-offs of allowing patents and other IPRs are explained, and specific issues are then analyzed in some depth, including the scope of patent protection, the effects of patent races, and the problems arising when IPRs concern cumulative and/or complementary innovations. The economics of IPRs are further illustrated by considering...

Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities and Sustainability: Diverse Approaches, Options and Issues

Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Incentives; Innovation; Invention; Market failure; Monopoly; Property rights; Public good; Second best; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18466

Tisdell, Clement A..

This paper reviews agricultural externalities as a source of market failure and as a reason for a lack of sustainability of agricultural incomes and production. It concentrates mainly on environmental externalities (which include biodiversity loss) but consideration is also given to externalities involving adverse selection. Types of agricultural externalities are classified and their nature is explored. Depending on their type and nature, different policy implications often follow. For example, no intervention may be required, or it may be reasonable for a farmer to have to pay to create an unfavourable externality or be paid to moderate or eliminate it. Adverse selection is also an externality phenomenon and some of its implications for agricultural...

Putting theory into practice: market failure and market based instrument design

Palavras-chave: Market failure; Environmental externalities; Adverse selection; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55105

Whitten, Stuart M.; Coggan, Anthea; Reeson, Andrew; Gorddard, Russell J..

The use of market-based instruments (MBIs) to provide and protect ecosystem services has gained significant attention in Australia. Despite their popularity, MBIs are not appropriate for the provision of all ecosystem services. Rather, MBIs must be carefully designed given the ecosystem service outcomes desired, while meeting the needs of participants. In this paper we detail the importance of a robust theoretical structure to underpin the selection and design of an MBI. In particular, we demonstrate the role of identifying and analysing the nature of the market failures present, and their implications for instrument design. Our conclusions are illustrated using several regional MBI case studies.

STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS EXTENSION; OR DOES DIFFEDENCE, DECADENCE AND DISSONANCE MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Palavras-chave: Market failure; Market based instrument; Incentives; Marketing.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10441

The future of the European Common Agricultural Policy : a new philosopy ?

McDowell, George R..

Discussion of changes taking place in American agriculture followed by a review of the traditional model of extension suggests there is dissonance between what is needed to inform contemporary agriculture and what extension actually does. The paper further suggests that difficulty in packaging the newly needed information in ways that achieve the institutional maintenance objectives of extension explain a part of the system's decadence and reluctance to charge. Since the intellectual problems of market failure, even political market failure, are within the domain of economists, diffidence by agricultural economists to those issues within the Land-Grant system can make a difference.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Contemporary agriculture; Dissonance; Extension; Institution maintenance; Market failure; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15209

Boussard, Jean-Marc.

While the recent commodity price crisis brings questions regarding the general developement path of the CAP since 1992, this paper envisages returning to Rooseveltian recipes, after modernization.

The Role Played by Agricultural Policy-based Finance in New Village Construction

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural policy; Price volatility; State intervention; Market failure; Supply management.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; H1; Q1; E3..

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44423